外商投资开发经营成片土地暂行管理办法(附英文)
国务院
外商投资开发经营成片土地暂行管理办法(附英文)
1990年5月19日，国务院
第一条 为了吸收外商投资从事开发经营成片土地（以下简称成片开发），以加强公用设施建设，改善投资环境，引进外商投资先进技术企业和产品出口企业，发展外向型经济，制定本办法。
第二条 本办法所称成片开发是指：在取得国有土地使用权后，依照规划对土地进行综合性的开发建设，平整场地、建设供排水、供电、供热、道路交通、通信等公用设施，形成工业用地和其他建设用地条件，然后进行转让土地使用权、经营公用事业；或者进而建设通用工业厂房以及相配套的生产和生活服务设施等地面建筑物，并对这些地面建筑物从事转让或出租的经营活动。
成片开发应确定明确的开发目标，应有明确意向的利用开发后土地的建设项目。
第三条 吸收外商投资进行成片开发的项目，应由市、县人民政府组织编制成片开发项目建议书（或初步可行性研究报告，下同）。
使用耕地一千亩以下、其他土地二千亩以下，综合开发投资额在省、自治区、直辖市人民政府（包括经济特区人民政府或者管理委员会，下同）审批权限内的成片开发项目，其项目建议书应报省、自治区、直辖市人民政府审批。
使用耕地超过一千亩、其他土地超过二千亩，或者综合开发投资额超过省、自治区、直辖市人民政府审批权限的成片开发项目，其项目建议书应经省、自治区、直辖市人民政府报国家计划委员会审核和综合平衡后，由国务院审批。
第四条 外商投资成片开发，应分别依照《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》、《中华人民共和国中外合作经营企业法》、《中华人民共和国外资企业法》的规定，成立从事开发经营的中外合资经营企业，或者中外合作经营企业，或者外资企业（以下简称开发企业）。
开发企业受中国法律的管辖和保护，其一切活动应遵守中华人民共和国的法律、法规。
开发企业依法自主经营管理，但在其开发区域内没有行政管理权。开发企业与其他企业的关系是商务关系。
国家鼓励国营企业以国有土地使用权作为投资或合作条件，与外商组成开发企业。
第五条 开发企业应依法取得开发区域的国有土地使用权。
开发区域所在的市、县人民政府向开发企业出让国有土地使用权，应依照国家土地管理的法律和行政法规，合理确定地块范围、用途、年限、出让金和其他条件，签订国有土地使用权出让合同，并按出让国有土地使用权的审批权限报经批准。
第六条 国有土地使用权出让后，其地下资源和埋藏物仍属于国家所有。如需开发利用，应依照国家有关法律和行政法规管理。
第七条 开发企业应编制成片开发规划或者可行性研究报告，明确规定开发建设的总目标和分期目标，实施开发的具体内容和要求，以及开发后土地利用方案等。
成片开发规划或者可行性研究报告，经市、县人民政府审核后，报省、自治区、直辖市人民政府审批。审批机关应就有关公用设施建设和经营，组织有关主管部门协调。
第八条 开发区域在城市规划区范围内的，各项开发建设必须符合城市规划要求，服从规划管理。
开发区域的各项建设，必须符合国家环境保护的法律、行政法规和标准。
第九条 开发企业必须在实施成片开发规划，并达到出让国有土地使用权合同规定的条件后，方可转让国有土地使用权。开发企业未按照出让国有土地使用权合同规定的条件和成片开发规划的要求投资开发土地的，不得转让国有土地使用权。
开发企业和其他企业转让国有土地使用权，或者抵押国有土地使用权，以及国有土地使用权终止，应依照国家土地管理的法律和行政法规办理。
第十条 开发企业可以吸引投资者到开发区域投资，受让国有土地使用权，举办企业。外商投资企业应分别依照《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》、《中华人民共和国中外合作经营企业法》、《中华人民共和国外资企业法》的规定成立。
在开发区域举办企业，应符合国家有关投资产业政策的要求。国家鼓励举办先进技术企业和产品出口企业。
第十一条 开发区域的邮电通信事业，由邮电部门统一规划、建设与经营。也可以经省、自治区、直辖市邮电主管部门批准，由开发企业投资建设，或者开发企业与邮电部门合资建设通信设施，建成后移交邮电部门经营，并根据双方签订的合同，对开发企业给予经济补偿。
第十二条 开发企业投资建设区域内自备电站、热力站、水厂等生产性公用设施的，可以经营开发区域内的供电、供水、供热等业务，也可以交地方公用事业企业经营。公用设施能力有富余，需要供应区域外，或者需要与区域外设施联网运行的，开发企业应与地方公用事业企业按国家有关规定签订合同，按合同规定的条件经营。
开发区域接引区域外水、电等资源的，应由地方公用事业企业经营。
第十三条 开发区域地块范围涉及海岸港湾或者江河建港区段的，岸线由国家统一规划和管理。开发企业可以按照国家交通主管部门的统一规划建设和经营专用港区和码头。
第十四条 开发区域内不得从事国家法律和行政法规禁止的经营活动和社会活动。
第十五条 以举办出口加工企业为主的开发区域，需要在进出口管理、海关管理等方面采取特殊管理措施的，应报经国务院批准，由国家有关主管部门制定具体管理办法。
第十六条 开发区域的行政管理、司法管理、口岸管理、海关管理等，分别由国家有关主管部门、所在的地方人民政府和有管辖权的司法机关组织实施。
第十七条 香港、澳门、台湾地区的公司、企业和其他经济组织或者个人投资从事成片开发，参照本办法执行。
第十八条 本办法自发布之日起在经济特区、沿海开放城市和沿海经济开放区范围内施行。
INTERIM MEASURES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE FOREIGN-INVESTEDDEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF TRACTS OF LAND
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
INTERIM MEASURES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE FOREIGN-INVESTED
DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF TRACTS OF LAND
(Promulgated by Decree No. 56 of the State Council of the People's
Republic of China on May 19, 1990 and effective as of the date of
promulgation)
Article 1
These Measures are formulated for the purpose of attracting foreign
investment for the development and management of tracts of land
(hereinafter referred to as "tract development") so as to intensify the
construction of public works, improve the environment for investment,
introduce foreign-invested technically advanced enterprises and export-
oriented enterprises and develop the export-oriented economy.
Article 2
The term "tract development" as used in these Measures means that after
obtaining the right to the use of state-owned land, the investors shall
carry out, as planned, comprehensive development and construction on the
land, including levelling the ground and constructing such public works as
water supply and drainage systems, power and heat supply systems, roads
and communications networks, and communications facilities, so that
conditions shall be created for the land to be used for industrial or
other construction purposes. The investor shall then transfer the right to
the use of the land for operating public utilities, or proceed to
construct such above-ground buildings as industrial houses and the
supporting facilities for production and everyday life services and engage
in the business activities of transferring or leasing these above-ground
buildings.
Definite development targets shall be specified for tract development and
there shall be definite construction projects that are intended to make
use of the developed land.
Article 3
With respect to a project to attract foreign investment for tract
development, the municipal or county people's government shall organize
the drawing up of a tract development project proposal (or a feasibility
study report, the same hereinafter). With respect to a tract development
project which is to make use of 1,000 mu or less of arable land or 2,000
mu or less of other land and whose amount of investment for comprehensive
development falls within the limits of powers for examination and approval
of the people's government of the province, autonomous region or
municipality directly under the Central Government (including the people's
government or administrative committee of a special economic zone, the
same hereinafter), the project proposal shall be submitted to the people's
government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly
under the Central Government for examination and approval. With respect
to a tract development project which is to make use of more than 1,000 mu
of arable land or more than 2,000 mu of other land and whose amount of
investment for comprehensive development exceeds the limits of powers for
examination and approval of the people's government of the province,
autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government,
the project proposal shall be submitted, through the people's government
of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the
Central Government, to the State Planning Commission for examination,
verification and overall balancing and then to the State Council of the
People's Republic of China for examination and approval.
Article 4
Foreign investors who intend to invest for tract development shall, in
accordance with the respective provisions of the Law of the People's
Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures, the Law of the
People's Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures
and the Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign-Capital
Enterprises, form a Chinese-foreign equity joint venture, or a Chinese-
foreign contractual joint venture or a foreign-capital enterprise
(hereinafter referred to as a "development enterprise") to engage in the
development and management of the tract of land.
Development enterprises shall be governed and protected by the law of
China and all their activities shall abide by the laws and regulations of
the People's Republic of China. Development enterprises shall have the
right to act on their own in business operations and management in
accordance with the law, but they shall have no administrative power in
their development areas. The relationship between a development enterprise
and other enterprises shall be of a commercial nature.
The State encourages the state-owned enterprises to form development
enterprises with foreign investors by using the right to the use of state-
owned land as investment or condition of co-operation.
Article 5
Development enterprises shall obtain the right to the use of the state-
owned land in their development areas in accordance with the Law.
In assigning the right to the use of State-owned land to a development
enterprise, the people's government of the municipality or county where
the development area is located shall, in accordance with the laws and
administrative rules and regulations of the State on the administration of
land, rationally specify the bounds of the tract of land, the purpose of
its use, the term of assignment, the assignment fee and other conditions,
sign a contract for assigning the State-owned land and submit it for
approval in accordance with the limits of powers for examination and
approval with respect to the assignment of the right to the use of State-
owned land.
Article 6
After the right to the use of State-owned land has been assigned, the
resources and objects buried thereunder shall continue to be owned by the
State. If it is necessary to exploit and utilize them, the exploitation
and utilization shall be administered in accordance with the pertinent
laws and administrative rules and regulations of the State.
Article 7
A development enterprise shall draw up a tract development plan or a
feasibility study report which shall specify the overall targets and
respective targets for different stages, the specific details and
requirements in the actual development, and the plan to utilize the
developed land.
The tract development plan or feasibility study report shall, after
examination and verification by the municipal or county people's
government, be submitted to the people's government of the province,
autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government
for examination and approval. The examining and approving authorities
shall organize the competent authorities concerned to provide co-
ordination concerning the construction and management of the relevant
public works.
Article 8
If the development area is within the limits of a planned urban area, the
various items of development and construction shall be in conformity with
the requirements of city planning and be submitted to the administration
of the planning.
The various items of construction in a development area shall be in
conformity with the laws, administrative rules and regulations and
standards of the State concerning environmental protection.
Article 9
A development enterprise may transfer the right to the use of the state-
owned land only after it has carried out the plan of tract development and
satisfied all the conditions prescribed in the contract for assigning the
right to the use of the state-owned land. No development enterprise that
fails to invest for the development of the land in accordance with the
conditions prescribed in the contract for assigning the right to the use
of the state-owned land and the requirements of the plan for tract
development may transfer the right to the use of the state-owned land.
The transfer or mortgage of the right to the use of state-owned land by
development enterprises and other enterprises, and the termination of the
right to the use of state-owned land shall be handled in accordance with
the laws and administrative rules and regulations of the State on the
administration of land.
Article 10
A development enterprise may attract investors to the development area to
make investment, accept the transferred right to the use of state-owned
land and launch enterprises. Enterprises with foreign investment shall be
established in accordance with the respective provisions of the Law of the
People's Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures, the
Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Contractual Joint
Ventures and the Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign-Capital
Enterprises.
The launching of enterprises in the development areas shall be in
conformity with the State policy concerning the investment in industries.
The State encourages the launching of technically advanced enterprises and
export-oriented enterprises.
Article 11
The postal and communication undertakings in the development areas shall
be placed under the unified planning, construction and management of the
postal department. Or they may, with the approval of the province,
autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government,
be constructed with investment by a development enterprise; or the
development enterprise and the postal department may pool their investment
for the construction of communications facilities, which, in either case,
shall be transferred, after completion, to the postal department for
operation, with financial compensation to be given to the development
enterprise in accordance with the contract signed between the two parties.
Article 12
Development enterprises that invest in public utilities of their own such
as power stations, heat stations and water plants within the development
area may operate the business of power, water and heat supplies within the
development area or hand them over to the local enterprises of public
utilities for operation. If the capacity of the public utilities is in
surplus, which renders it necessary to be supplied to places outside the
development area or to be connected to a network outside the development
area for operation, the development enterprise shall sign a contract with
the local enterprises of public utilities in accordance with the pertinent
provisions of the State and operate in accordance with the conditions
prescribed in the contract. If it is necessary for a development area to
use water and power resources from outside, the business thereof shall be
operated by the local enterprises of public utilities.
Article 13
If a development area covers a coastal port or bay, or a river port
sector, the coastline or riverside line shall be placed under the unified
planning and administration of the State. The development enterprise may
construct and operate a special port area and wharf in accordance with the
unified planning of the competent state communication authorities.
Article 14
No business activities or social activities that are banned by the laws
and administrative rules and regulations of the State may be engaged
within the development areas.
Article 15
If special administrative measures are required in respect of import and
export administration and Customs administration for a development area
which is mainly intended for the operation of export processing
enterprises, these shall be submitted to the State Council of the People's
Republic of China for approval and specific measures of administration
shall be formulated by the competent authorities of the State.
Article 16
The general administration, judicial administration, port administration
and Customs administration in a development area shall be organized and
exercised respectively by the competent authorities of the State, the
people's government of the locality where the development area is
situated, and the judicial organs that have jurisdiction.
Article 17
Tract development with investment by firms, enterprises and other economic
organizations or individuals from the regions of Hong Kong, Macao and
Taiwan shall be governed with reference to these Measures.
Article 18
These Measures shall be put into effect within the limits of the specific
economic zones, the open coastal cities and the open coastal economic
zones as of the date of promulgation.
关于加强网络团购经营活动管理的意见
国家工商行政管理总局
各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市、副省级市工商行政管理局、市场监督管理局：
近年来，我国的网络团购经营活动发展迅速，用户总量和交易规模快速增长。网络团购已经成为一种重要的网络交易形式，对于促进我国网络市场的繁荣发展、推动生活服务业的网络化起到了积极的作用。在团购市场日益繁荣的同时，由于网站主体良莠不齐，消费欺诈、以次充好、虚报原价等问题时有发生，相关的消费纠纷和投诉也在急剧上升。为规范网络团购市场经营秩序，维护网络消费者和经营者的合法权益，促进网络团购行业健康发展，现就加强网络团购经营活动管理提出如下意见：
一、规范主体资格，把好网络团购市场准入关
网络团购是指通过互联网渠道，聚集一定数量的消费者组团，以较低折扣购买同一种商品或服务的商业活动。
按照现行登记注册相关法律法规和《网络商品交易及有关服务行为管理暂行办法》（国家工商行政管理总局令第49号，以下简称《办法》）的规定，团购网站经营者应当依法办理工商登记注册并领取营业执照，在其网站主页面醒目位置公开营业执照登载的信息或者其营业执照的电子链接标识。团购网站在各地区开办的分站，其工商登记注册事宜按照现行登记注册法律法规中的相关规定执行。
各地要把好网络团购市场准入关，审核辖区内团购网站的主体资格，对无照经营的，依法予以查处和取缔，并提请通信管理部门依法关闭网站；对违法经营的，依法进行查处，情节严重的依法吊销其营业执照。
二、加强行政指导，督促团购网站切实履行责任义务
团购网站经营者属于提供网络交易平台服务的经营者。在维护网络团购交易秩序方面，团购网站经营者负有重要管理责任。网络团购涉及范围广、交易规模大，易引发群体性消费纠纷。各地应将团购网站作为网络监管重点，特别是要抓住辖区内开办的影响范围大、交易频率高的团购网站，加强行政指导，采取有力措施督促团购网站经营者认真履行《办法》规定的各项责任和义务，使《办法》的各项规定切实落到实处。团购网站经营者主要承担以下责任义务：
（一）对团购商品（服务）供应者的经营主体资格和团购商品（服务）质量建立审核制度。
团购网站经营者应当对申请通过其网站销售商品或服务的团购商品（服务）供应者的主体身份和经营资格进行审查和登记，建立登记档案并定期核实更新。团购商品（服务）供应者应当是经工商行政管理部门登记注册并领取营业执照的法人、其他经济组织或者个体工商户。团购网站经营者不得为无营业执照的团购商品（服务）供应者提供服务。
团购网站经营者应当对团购商品或服务项目进行严格的事前审核备案，保障团购商品（服务）质量，考查确认商品库存、发货速度、物流体系、服务细则等关键因素，并防止出现虚高报价。团购商品或服务项目应符合国家法律、法规、规章的规定，涉及前置行政许可的，团购商品（服务）供应者应当依法取得相关许可，团购网站经营者不得为未取得相关许可的团购商品（服务）供应者提供服务。
团购网站经营者发布的商品或服务信息应完整、准确、清晰，不得故意隐瞒关键信息，确保发布的商品或服务信息与实际提供的商品或服务保持一致。
（二）以合同形式明确与团购商品（服务）供应者、消费者之间的权利、义务和责任。
团购网站经营者应当与团购商品（服务）供应者签订网站进入经营合同，明确双方在团购交易进入和退出、商品和服务质量安全保障、消费者权益保护等方面的权利、义务和责任。
团购网站经营者应当与消费者签订网站进入消费合同（即用户注册协议）。团购网站经营者向消费者提供电子合同格式条款的，应当符合法律、法规、规章的规定，按照公平原则确定交易双方的权利与义务，采用合理和显著的方式提请消费者注意与消费者权益有重大关系的条款，并按照消费者的要求对该条款予以说明。不得以电子合同格式条款等方式作出对消费者不公平、不合理，减轻、免除经营者义务、责任或者排除、限制消费者主要权利的规定。团购网站经营者向消费者销售商品或者服务，应当事先向消费者说明商品或者服务的名称、种类、数量、质量、价格等主要信息，并在合同中列明配送方式、支付形式、退换货方式、退款条件、售后服务等内容。
（三）团购商品（服务）供应者商业秘密和消费者个人信息保护。
团购网站经营者应当建立信息安全保护制度，采取必要措施保护涉及团购商品（服务）供应者商业秘密或者消费者个人信息的数据资料信息的安全。非经交易当事人同意，不得向任何第三方公开、披露、转让、出售交易当事人名单、交易记录等涉及团购商品（服务）供应者商业秘密或者消费者个人信息的数据。
（四）不正当竞争行为禁止。
团购网站经营者应当采取必要手段保护注册商标专用权、企业名称权等权利，对权利人有证据证明网站内的团购商品（服务）供应者实施侵犯其注册商标专用权、企业名称权等权利的行为或者实施损害其合法权益的不正当竞争行为的，应当依照《侵权责任法》采取必要措施。
团购网站经营者不得利用网络技术手段或者载体等方式，实施盗用、仿效、抄袭其他网站域名、名称、标识等侵权行为，或者实施损害其他经营者的商业信誉、商品声誉等不正当竞争行为。
（五）保护消费者合法权益。
团购网站经营者应当建立完善的售后服务制度、消费纠纷处理制度及专业的客服团队，从技术和人力上保证投诉渠道的畅通，为消费者提供及时的疑难解答与反馈。消费者参加团购发生消费纠纷或者其合法权益受到损害的，团购网站经营者应当积极协助消费者维护自身合法权益。
团购网站经营者向消费者出具购货凭证或者服务单据，应当符合国家有关规定或者商业惯例；征得消费者同意的，可以以电子化形式出具。消费者要求团购网站经营者出具购货凭证或者服务单据的，经营者应当出具。
团购网站经营者应当遵守《消费者权益保护法》中关于退货、退款的相关规定，不得排除消费者依法拥有的退货、退款等权利。团购网站经营者以预收款方式销售团购商品或服务，不得设定过期未消费预付款不退或者限定款项只能退回网站账户等限制。
（六）记录、保存交易信息。
团购网站经营者应当审查、记录、保存在其网站上发布的网络团购相关信息内容及其发布时间。团购商品（服务）供应者主体资质信息记录保存时间从其在该网站举办的最近一次团购活动结束之日起不少于两年，团购商品或服务信息、交易记录等其他信息记录备份保存时间从团购活动结束之日起不少于两年。团购网站经营者应当采取数据备份、故障恢复等技术手段确保网络交易数据和资料的完整性和安全性，并应当保证原始数据的真实性。
（七）规范团购促销活动。
团购网站经营者开展秒杀、抽奖等促销活动应当遵守《反不正当竞争法》及工商总局《关于禁止有奖销售活动中不正当竞争行为的若干规定》中关于抽奖式有奖销售的规定，禁止欺骗性有奖销售行为。鼓励团购网站经营者引入第三方公正机构对秒杀、抽奖等促销活动进行监督，保障促销活动的公平、公正。
三、加大监管力度，维护网络团购市场秩序
针对目前网络团购市场中存在的问题，各级工商行政管理机关要立足职能，加强网络监督检查和行政执法工作，加大对各类网络团购违法行为的打击力度，切实维护团购消费者和经营者的合法权益，着力建设规范有序的网络团购市场经营环境，促进网络团购行业健康发展。
（一）建立团购网站经营者主体数据库。各地应当结合建立网络经营主体经济户籍工作，以本地实体经济户籍为依据，以工信部门备案网站数据为基础，以网上搜索、经营者自报、工商所普查等各种方式为补充，查清本地区团购网站设立情况，建立团购网站经营者主体数据库，并做好数据库的动态更新维护。
（二）积极开展网上巡查，查处网络团购违法行为。各地应当依照《办法》等法律、法规、规章，督促团购网站经营者切实履行相关法律责任和义务。积极推进网络商品交易信息化监管系统建设，充分运用信息技术手段，积极开展网上巡查，将团购网站作为重点巡查对象，开展对团购网站的日常经营活动监测，及时发现和查处网络团购经营活动中的销售假冒伪劣商品、虚假宣传、侵犯注册商标专用权和企业名称权、非法有奖促销、不公平格式合同等违法违规行为，依法规范网络团购经营活动中前置许可商品或服务项目的销售行为。
（三）制定和推广合同示范文本。目前，团购网站与团购商品（服务）供应者、团购网站与消费者之间签订的合同多数并不规范，不公平合同格式条款现象较为严重，是造成网络团购纠纷频频发生的重要原因之一。各地应积极制定推广网络团购合同示范文本，引导和规范网络团购合同当事人的签约履约行为，明确团购参与各方的权利义务，切实保护团购消费者合法权益，从源头上有效规范网络团购市场交易秩序。
（四）进一步完善消费者权益保护机制。各地应当积极探索研究有效维护网购消费者权益的制度和措施，通过与团购网站建立消费维权工作联络机制、指导监督团购网站经营者建立健全消费者权益保护制度、在团购网站设置消费投诉举报电子标识链接等多种形式，多方位开辟消费保护渠道，及时受理处理团购消费投诉举报，及时查处侵害团购消费者合法权益的行为。同时，各地应积极开展网络消费者教育，将网络团购违法行为和案例及时通过发布警示信息等多种形式向社会公布，提高团购消费者防范风险、维护自身合法权益的意识和能力。
（五）鼓励支持团购网站加强自律。促进行业和企业自律是维护网络商品交易秩序、促进网络商品交易健康发展的重要措施。各地要抓好团购网站经营者自律的指导监督工作，引导团购网站诚信守法经营，提高服务质量。鼓励团购网站经营者通过建立消费者权益保证金及先行赔付等制度和使用第三方支付等方式，保障网络交易安全，维护网络交易秩序。鼓励团购网站经营者为消费者提供公平、公正的信用评估服务，对团购商品（服务）供应者的信用情况客观、公正地进行采集与记录，建立信用评价体系、信用披露制度以警示交易风险。
国家工商行政管理总局
二○一二年三月十二日
